In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, the quest for knowledge and innovation stands as an
unyielding pillar of progress. At the nexus of this pursuit, we proudly present the NILEST Journal of
Science, Technology, and Management – a beacon of scholarly excellence, open access to all, and peer-
reviewed rigour.
In a world teeming with information, this multidisciplinary and refereed journal emerges as a sanctuary
for those seeking to explore the horizons of science, technology, and management and contribute their
findings to the global body of knowledge. NILEST, the Nigerian Institute for Leather and Science
Technology, brings you this platform, underscoring its commitment to fostering research, intellectual
discourse, and the dissemination of groundbreaking discoveries.
Our journal is a testament to the unwavering dedication of scholars and researchers across the globe
who labour tirelessly to advance the frontiers of science, innovate in technology, and excel in
management practices. As a peer-reviewed publication, it adheres to the highest standards of academic
integrity, ensuring that each contribution undergoes rigorous scrutiny and only the finest scholarship
finds its way to our pages.
The NILEST Journal of Science, Technology, and Management beckons researchers, scientists, and
scholars from many disciplines to converge, collaborate, and share their profound insights, thereby
enriching the global academic tapestry. We invite you to embark on this intellectual journey with us,
where the pursuit of knowledge knows no boundaries, and the pursuit of excellence is the guiding star.
Join us in this venture, as together, we shape the future of science, technology, and management.
Welcome to the NILEST Journal – where the frontier of knowledge meets the pinnacle of scholarly
achievement.
N.E. Dashe, C.Y. Midat, T.E. Olatunji, B.D. Bannah, O.J. Igbehnadun
A.K. Oladele, S.U. Muhammad, W.C. Solomon
O.K. Oyelakin, J.I. Tagang, O.A. Babatunde , I. Akawu, J.O. Oko, G.O. Idoko, S. Adamu