Abstract

Energy efficiency refers to achieving the same level of service while using less energy, reducing unnecessary consumption, and selecting optimal equipment to enhance performance. In Nigeria, industrialisation and increasing energy demands have resulted in heightened emissions, contributing significantly to environmental degradation and climate change. The release of harmful substances during crude oil exploration and consumption underscores the urgent need for robust energy efficiency policies. This study highlights the primary energy sources driving Nigeria's economy—electricity, fuel, and process heat—and their associated negative environmental externalities. Key recommendations include the implementation of energy efficiency regulations to achieve measurable reductions in carbon emissions, spills, leaks, and fuel consumption. Addressing these challenges through policy action is critical for sustainable development.