Abstract

The investigation into Capra hircus (Sokoto red goat) skin tanning involved varying particle size, time, concentration, and water in the vegetable tanning process using Caesalpinia coriaria. Physico-mechanical tests on the resultant leather, following a four-factor Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology, revealed a range of properties. Shrinkage temperature ranged from 70°C to 76°C, tensile strength from 5.83 N/mm² to 30.60 N/mm², and water vapour permeability from 1140.649 gcm⁻²h⁻¹ to 2760.629 gcm⁻²h⁻¹. Sample code 8 (Tannin concentration 20%, Particle size 1200 μm, tanning time 2 hours, volume of water 120 cm³) emerged as optimal, surpassing European and International minimum standards. This study expands our understanding of the tanning process by highlighting the significance of particle size and duration, offering a sustainable and high-quality alternative to traditional chromium-based leather production methods with a potentially positive impact on environmental concerns