Abstract

Tannery effluent is harmful when untreated and released into communities. This study collected groundwater samples from the bore and open wells within NILEST, Zaria and control samples from outside the study area to investigate trace element levels. The physical and chemical parameters were determined using standard analysis methods, while the trace elements were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results were compared with those of drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON). The results obtained for physical parameters reveal a pH of 5.1 and 5.5 for the bore and open well water samples, respectively, compared to the 5.5 and 5.7 control samples. These indicate some level of acidity. However, the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were within permissible limits. For chemical parameters, the chloride levels were 851 mg/l and 709 mg/l for bore and open well water, respectively, compared to 1418 mg/l and 1702 mg/l control, indicating a high level of chloride content. However, the total hardness and total alkalinity were within the permissible limit. Heavy metals analysis showed low copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium levels in both sample and control water. Groundwater pH and chloride levels are generally within permissible limits, although treating the water for pH and high chloride content is recommended. A microbiological assessment is necessary to determine if the water is safe to drink, and regular monitoring is essential. Treating effluents before discharge is highly recommended.